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DOI: 10.18413/2658-6533-2020-7-1-0-10

Anxiety-depressive and cognitive impairments in elderly patients with age-related macular degeneration and cataracts

Background: The continuing change in the demographic structure of society in different states is accompanied by a restless increase not only in the proportion of the elderly and senile population, but also in an increase in the prevalence of age-associated diseases, which significantly reduce the functional activity and quality of life of patients. The foregoing also applies to such involutive eye diseases as age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, which are often found in one patient. The development of these diseases in a combined form or in an isolated one is accompanied not only by visual deficits, but also contributes to the deterioration of the psycho-emotional state of such patients. However, the psychological domain in patients with combined age-related macular degeneration and cataracts is considered in a few publications. The aim of the study: To study the features of anxiety-depressive and cognitive impairments in elderly patients with combined cataract and macular degeneration. Materials and methods: Features of the psychological domain of elderly patients suffering from combined cataracts and age-related macular degeneration were studied in 123 patients with age-related macular degeneration of stages 3-4 and cataracts on the basis of the Tambov branch of the MNTK “Academician SN. Fedorov Eye Microsurgery". The control consisted of 72 elderly patients with age-related macular degeneration and the absence of cataracts. When examining patients of both groups, situational anxiety according to the Spielberger-Hanin test, depression according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, and cognitive impairment according to the Mini-Mental-State-Examenation scale were determined. Results: The structure of situational anxiety in patients with concomitant age-related macular degeneration and cataract is represented mainly by the average (46,8 ± 4,5%) and increased (32,4±4,2%) levels, and in the control group by a low (76,2 ± 4,9%) level of situational anxiety. In the main group, situational anxiety corresponded to the average level, and in the control group - to a low level of anxiety. Cognitive impairments were absent in 5.6 ± 2.1% of patients in the main group and in 63.6 ± 5.6% of patients in the control group (p <0.001). Depressive disorders were more often registered with combined age-related macular degeneration and cataract (57.6 ± 4.4%) than with only AMD – 14,9 ± 4,1% (p <0.001). Conclusion: Combined age-related macular degeneration and cataract improve the psychoemotional status of elderly patients more significantly than isolated age-related macular degeneration, which must be taken into account when correcting visual deficits.

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