2658-6533Research Results in Biomedicine2658-653310.18413/2658-6533-2024-10-4-0-83596Medicine (miscellaneous)<strong>Possibilities for early diagnosis of fetal central nervous system lesions in the antenatal period (review)</strong><strong>Possibilities for early diagnosis of fetal central nervous system lesions in the antenatal period (review)</strong>BelokrinitskayaTatiana E.BelokrinitskayaTatiana E.tanbell24@mail.ruSidorkinaAnastasia G.SidorkinaAnastasia G.Anastasia-Sidorkina.17@yandex.ruMudrovViсtor A.MudrovViсtor A.mudrov_viktor@mail.ru202410400

Background: Fetal brain damage during pregnancy is a major cause of neonatal death and disability, as well as infantile cerebral palsy. Infants with cerebral palsy experience motor impairments of varying severity that appear to be secondary to brain lesions or abnormalities that occur during the perinatal period. The aim of the study: To analyse modern methods for early diagnosis of fetal central nervous system lesions in the antenatal period. Materials and methods: A search in information databases using the given keywords: &ldquo;placental insufficiency&rdquo;, &ldquo;magnetic resonance imaging&rdquo;, &ldquo;fetal neurosonography&rdquo;, &ldquo;ultrasound Dopplerography&rdquo;, &ldquo;fetal brain lesions&rdquo; has revealed 1473 articles devoted to the problems of diagnosing fetal central nervous system lesions in the antenatal period period. After excluding duplicate publications (852) and publications more than 10 years old (574), 47 literature sources were analysed. The study used the following data bases: PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, eLibrary for the period from 2014 to November 2023. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can determine the presence of congenital abnormalities of CNS, white matter abnormalities, and the amount of deoxyhemoglobin in the nervous tissue in the fetus; and also identify placental disorders. Neurosonography is a prenatal diagnostic method that visualizes intracerebral hemorrhages, the structure of the cerebral cortex, Sylvian fissure and corpus callosum. The consistent use of these diagnostic methods in patients at risk contributes to the personalization of management and delivery tactics, which in the future will reduce the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes and losses. Conclusion: MRI not only makes it possible to assess the fetal central nervous system, but also allows the placenta to be assessed. This method will allow us to take a fresh look at the problem of chronic placental insufficiency and more qualitatively assess the degree of influence of placental disorders on the fetus. Neurosonography, in turn, is a more accessible method for diagnosing the pathological state of the fetal central nervous system, which also has high sensitivity in the prenatal detection of ischemic-hypoxic brain damage

Background: Fetal brain damage during pregnancy is a major cause of neonatal death and disability, as well as infantile cerebral palsy. Infants with cerebral palsy experience motor impairments of varying severity that appear to be secondary to brain lesions or abnormalities that occur during the perinatal period. The aim of the study: To analyse modern methods for early diagnosis of fetal central nervous system lesions in the antenatal period. Materials and methods: A search in information databases using the given keywords: &ldquo;placental insufficiency&rdquo;, &ldquo;magnetic resonance imaging&rdquo;, &ldquo;fetal neurosonography&rdquo;, &ldquo;ultrasound Dopplerography&rdquo;, &ldquo;fetal brain lesions&rdquo; has revealed 1473 articles devoted to the problems of diagnosing fetal central nervous system lesions in the antenatal period period. After excluding duplicate publications (852) and publications more than 10 years old (574), 47 literature sources were analysed. The study used the following data bases: PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, eLibrary for the period from 2014 to November 2023. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can determine the presence of congenital abnormalities of CNS, white matter abnormalities, and the amount of deoxyhemoglobin in the nervous tissue in the fetus; and also identify placental disorders. Neurosonography is a prenatal diagnostic method that visualizes intracerebral hemorrhages, the structure of the cerebral cortex, Sylvian fissure and corpus callosum. The consistent use of these diagnostic methods in patients at risk contributes to the personalization of management and delivery tactics, which in the future will reduce the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes and losses. Conclusion: MRI not only makes it possible to assess the fetal central nervous system, but also allows the placenta to be assessed. This method will allow us to take a fresh look at the problem of chronic placental insufficiency and more qualitatively assess the degree of influence of placental disorders on the fetus. Neurosonography, in turn, is a more accessible method for diagnosing the pathological state of the fetal central nervous system, which also has high sensitivity in the prenatal detection of ischemic-hypoxic brain damage

placental insufficiencyhypoxic-ischemic brain damagemagnetic resonance imagingneurosonographyultrasound Dopplerographyplacental insufficiencyhypoxic-ischemic brain damagemagnetic resonance imagingneurosonographyultrasound DopplerographyСписок литературыPreterm labour. Clinical recommendations [Internet] [cited 2023 Nov 30]. Available from: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/331_1Malhotra A, Allison BJ, Castillo-Melendez M, et al. Neonatal morbidities of fetal growth restriction: pathophysiology and impact. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2019;10:55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00055Calek E, Binder J, Palmrich P, et al. Effects of Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on growth and body composition compared to constitutionally small infants. Nutrients. 2023;15(19):4158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194158Bendix I, Hadamitzky M, Herz J, et al. Adverse neuropsychiatric development following perinatal brain injury: from a preclinical perspective. Pediatric Research. 2019;85(2):198-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-018-0222-6Felderhoff-Muser U, H&uuml;ning B. Biomarkers and neuromonitoring for prognosis of development after perinatal brain damage. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde. 2022;170(8):688-703. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-022-01542-4Ebbing C, Rasmussen S, Kessler J, et al. Association of placental and umbilical cord characteristics with cerebral palsy: national cohort study. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023;61(2):224-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.26047Sadowska M, Sarecka-Hujar B, Kopyta I. Cerebral palsy: current opinions on definition, epidemiology, risk factors, classification and treatment options. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2020;16:1505-1518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S235165Paul S, Nahar A, Bhagawati M, et al. A review on recent advances of cerebral palsy. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2022;2022:2622310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2622310Feng Y. Recent research on the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm infants. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2023;25(10):1066-1071. Chinese. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2305072Barfield WD. Public health implications of very preterm birth. Clinics in Perinatology. 2018;45(3):565-577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2018.05.007Besiri K, Begou O, Deda O, et al. A cohort study of gastric fluid and urine metabolomics for the prediction of survival in severe prematurity. Metabolites. 2023;13(6):708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13060708Linh LT, Duc NM, Nhung NH, et al. Detecting fetal central nervous system anomalies using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. Medical Archives. 2021;75(1):45-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2021.75.45-49Aertsen M. Fetal MRI for dummies: what the fetal medicine specialist should know about acquisitions and sequences. Prenatal Diagnosis. 2020;40(1):6-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5579Flenady V, Wojcieszek AM, Ellwood D, et al. Classification of causes and associated conditions for stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2017;22(3):176-185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2017.02.009Prayer D, Malinger G, De Catte L, et al. ISUOG practice guidelines (updated): performance of fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2023;61(2):278-287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.26129Manganaro L, Capuani S, Gennarini M, et al. Fetal MRI: what&#39;s new? A short review. European Radiology Experimental. 2023;7(1):41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-023-00358-5Krishnamurthy U, Neelavalli J, Mody S, et al. MR imaging of the fetal brain at 1.5 T and 3.0 T field strengths: comparing specific absorption rate (SAR) and image quality.&nbsp;Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2015;43(2):209-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2014-0268Uzianbaeva L, Yan Y, Joshi T, et al. Methods for monitoring risk of hypoxic damage in fetal and neonatal brains: a review. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 2022;49(1-2):1-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000520987Jaros R, Barnova K, Vilimkova Kahankova R, et al. Independent component analysis algorithms for non-invasive fetal electrocardiography. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(6):e0286858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286858Volpe JJ. Placental assessment provides insight into mechanisms and timing of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 2019;12(2):113-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/npm-190270Westby A, Miller L. Fetal Growth Restriction Before and After Birth. American Family Physician. 2021;104(5):486-492.Knight MJ, Smith‐Collins A, Newell S, et al. Cerebral white matter maturation patterns in preterm infants: an MRI T2 relaxation anisotropy and diffusion tensor imaging study. Journal of Neuroimaging. 2018;28(1):86-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jon.12486Neumane S, Gondova A, Leprince Y, et al. Early structural connectivity within the sensorimotor network: deviations related to prematurity and association to neurodevelopmental outcome. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2022;16:932386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.932386Arthuis C, Millischer AE, Bussieres L, et al. MRI based morphological examination of the placenta. Placenta. 2021;115:20-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2021.08.056Sinding M, Peters DA, Frokjaer JB, et al. Placental magnetic resonance imaging T2* measurements in normal pregnancies and in those complicated by fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016;47(6):748-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.14917Hutter J, Ayman ALW, Kyriakopoulou V, et al. Exploring the role of a time-efficient MRI assessment of the placenta and fetal brain in uncomplicated pregnancies and these complicated by placental insufficiency. Placenta. 2023;139:25-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2023.05.014Hansen DN, Sinding M, Petersen A, et al. T2*-weighted placental magnetic resonance imaging: a biomarker of placental dysfunction in small-for-gestational-age pregnancies. American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology MFM. 2022;4(3):100578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022Arthurs OJ, Rega A, Guimiot F, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal brain in intrauterine growth restriction. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2017;50(1):79-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.17318Wilson S, Pietsch M, Cordero-Grande L, et al. Development of human white matter pathways in utero over the second and third trimester. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2021;118(20):e2023598118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023598118Lipa M, Pooh RK, Wielgos M. Three-dimensional neurosonography - a novel field in fetal medicine. Ginekologia Polska. 2017;88(4):215-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5603/GP.a2017.0041Yi F, Zhang C, Zou Y, et al. Three-Dimensional Crystal Vue Imaging technology assessment of Sylvian fissures at 20-32+6 weeks&#39; normal gestation. European Radiology. 2023;33(4):2358-2366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-022-09253-wYagel S. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): sonographic examination of the fetal central nervous system. Part 1: performance of screening examination and indications for targeted neurosonography. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2021;57(1):173-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.23559Gilles F, Gressens P, Dammann O, et al. Hypoxia-ischemia is not an antecedent of most preterm brain damage: the illusion of validity. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2018;60(2):120-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13483Levison SW, Rocha-Ferreira E, Kim BH, et al. Mechanisms of tertiary neurodegeneration after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Pediatric Medicine. 2022;5:28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/pm-20-104Abdelkader MA, Ramadan W, Gabr AA, et al. Fetal intracranial hemorrhage: sonographic criteria and merits of prenatal diagnosis. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2017;30(18):2250-2256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2016.1245283Epstein KN, Kline-Fath BM, Zhang B, et al. Prenatal evaluation of intracranial hemorrhage on fetal MRI: a retrospective review. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2021;42(12):2222-2228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7320Gupta V, Schlatterer SD, Bulas DI, et al. Pregnancy and child outcomes following fetal Intracranial hemorrhage. Pediatric Neurology. 2023;140:68-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.12.014Basso A, Youssef L, Nakaki A, et al. Fetal neurosonography at 31-35&thinsp;weeks reveals altered cortical development in pre-eclampsia with and without small-for-gestational-age fetus. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022;59(6):737-746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.24853Boutet ML, Eixarch E, Ahumada-Droguett P, et al. Fetal neurosonography and infant neurobehavior following conception by assisted reproductive technology with fresh or frozen embryo transfer. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022;60(5):646-656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.24920Paules C, Miranda J, Policiano C, et al. Fetal neurosonography detects differences in cortical development and corpus callosum in late-onset small fetuses. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2021;58(1):42-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.23592Miranda J, Paules C, Noell G, et al. Similarity network fusion to identify phenotypes of small-for-gestational-age fetuses. IScience. 2023;26(9):107620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107620Orzel A, Unrug-Bielawska K, Filipecka-Tyczka D, et al. Molecular Pathways of Altered Brain Development in Fetuses Exposed to Hypoxia. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(12):10401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210401Sirico A, Diemert A, Glosemeyer P, et al. Prediction of adverse perinatal outcome by cerebroplacental ratio adjusted for estimated fetal weight. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018;51(3):381-386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.17458Ismail A, Ibrahim AL, Rabiu A, et al. Predictive value of doppler cerebroplacental ratio for adverse perinatal outcomes in postdate pregnancies in Northwestern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2022;25(4):406-414. DOI https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_14_21Rizzo G, Mappa I, Bitsadze V, et al. Role of Doppler ultrasound at time of diagnosis of late-onset fetal growth restriction in predicting adverse perinatal outcome: prospective cohort study. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;55(6):793-798. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.20406Akolekar R, Ciobanu A, Zingler E, et al. Routine assessment of cerebroplacental ratio at 35-37&nbsp;weeks&#39; gestation in the prediction of adverse&nbsp;perinatal outcome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019;221(1):65.e1-65.e18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.03.002Tudor A, Novac L, Camen IV, et al. The role of uterine artery doppler in the second and third trimesters for prediction of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction developed as a consequence of placental-mediated diseases. Current Health Sciences Journal. 2023;49(2):251-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12865/CHSJ.49.02.251Panova MS, Panchenko AS, Mudrov VA. New technologies for the diagnosis of hypoxic conditions in the term newborn. Transbaikalian Medical Bulletin. 2023;(2):89-102. Russian. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52485/19986173_2023_2_89