2658-6533Research Results in Biomedicine2658-653310.18413/2658-6533-2025-11-4-0-43939Pharmacology<strong>Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of <em>Boesenbergia xiphostachya</em></strong><br /> &nbsp;<strong>Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of <em>Boesenbergia xiphostachya</em></strong><br /> &nbsp;NguyenHop V.NguyenHop V.hopvfu@gmail.comChenShiPinChenShiPinchenshipin@fafu.edu.cnHuynhAn N.T.HuynhAn N.T.huynhnguyentuongan@iuh.edu.vnTranTruc H.N.TranTruc H.N.nhatrucc.tran@gmail.comVoNgoc L.H.VoNgoc L.H.volehongngoc75@gmail.comLeTho T.LeTho T.tholt@case.vnNguyenHung Q.NguyenHung Q.hungnq@case.vnVanThien H.VanThien H.vanhongthien@iuh.edu.vnNguyenAn N.NguyenAn N.nguyenngocan.cnsh@iuh.edu.vnNguyenHanh T.D.NguyenHanh T.D.nguyenthidieuhanh@iuh.edu.vnPhamViet T.PhamViet T.phamtanviet@iuh.edu.vn202511400

Background: Boesenbergia xiphostachya is a rare species, recently discovered in Vietnam. Information about the chemical compositions and biological properties of distinct parts of this plant is still limited to date. The aim of the study: This study is the first to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of acetone extracts and essential oil obtained from samples of B. xiphostachya collected in Vietnam. Materials and methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the phytochemical components, while the antimicrobial properties of the essential oil and acetone extracts from the rhizome and aerial parts were determined using a disk diffusion assay. Results: A total of thirty compounds have been identified in the essential oil, in which &alpha;-fenchene (41.70%), cyclofenchene (14.75%), camphene (13.47%), and caryophyllene (6.78%) are the major compounds. In addition, the acetone extracts obtained from the aerial part and rhizome comprise twenty-two and twenty-seven compounds, respectively. The major constituents are mainly composed of n-hexadecanoic acid (21.32%), 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl (19.19%), and phytol (7.78%), while the rhizome extract contains a majority of n-hexadecanoic acid (28.34%), benzoic acid, 2-amino-3-methoxy-, methyl ester (12.25%), and cinnamic acid (11.42%). Moreover, the essential oil and the acetone extracts from B. xiphostachya also possessed antimicrobial properties against a wide spectrum of microorganisms. Conclusion: The results obtained show that B. xiphostachya has great potential for use in biomedicine and related fields

Background: Boesenbergia xiphostachya is a rare species, recently discovered in Vietnam. Information about the chemical compositions and biological properties of distinct parts of this plant is still limited to date. The aim of the study: This study is the first to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of acetone extracts and essential oil obtained from samples of B. xiphostachya collected in Vietnam. Materials and methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the phytochemical components, while the antimicrobial properties of the essential oil and acetone extracts from the rhizome and aerial parts were determined using a disk diffusion assay. Results: A total of thirty compounds have been identified in the essential oil, in which &alpha;-fenchene (41.70%), cyclofenchene (14.75%), camphene (13.47%), and caryophyllene (6.78%) are the major compounds. In addition, the acetone extracts obtained from the aerial part and rhizome comprise twenty-two and twenty-seven compounds, respectively. The major constituents are mainly composed of n-hexadecanoic acid (21.32%), 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl (19.19%), and phytol (7.78%), while the rhizome extract contains a majority of n-hexadecanoic acid (28.34%), benzoic acid, 2-amino-3-methoxy-, methyl ester (12.25%), and cinnamic acid (11.42%). Moreover, the essential oil and the acetone extracts from B. xiphostachya also possessed antimicrobial properties against a wide spectrum of microorganisms. Conclusion: The results obtained show that B. xiphostachya has great potential for use in biomedicine and related fields

acetone extractantimicrobial activityBoesenbergia xiphostachyachemical compositionessential oilacetone extractantimicrobial activityBoesenbergia xiphostachyachemical compositionessential oilСписок литературыDelin W, Larsen K. Zingiberaceae [Internet]. Flora of China. 2000 [cited 2024 April 22];24(1):322-377. Available from: http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume24/ZINGIBERACEAE.published.pdfTechaprasan J, Ngamriabsakul C, Klinbunga S, et al. Genetic variation and species identification of Thai Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae) analyzed by chloroplast DNA polymorphism. BMB Reports. 2006;39(4):361-370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2006.39.4.361Zhang X, Deng J, Tang Y, et al. Zingiberaceae plants/curcumin consumption and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials in humans. Phytotherapy Research. 2022;36(8):3080-3101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7500Zhang X, Chen X, Tang Y, et al. Effects of medical plants from Zingiberaceae family on cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2022;46(7):e14130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.14130Ballester P, Cerd&aacute; B, Arcusa R, et al. Antioxidant activity in extracts from Zingiberaceae family: Cardamom, turmeric, and ginger. Molecules. 2023;28(10):4024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104024Kanathum N. Medicinal and lucky plant of Thailand. Bangkok: Baanlaesuan; 2008.Chuakul W, Boonpleng A. Ethnomedical uses of Thai Zingiberaceous plant (1). Thai Journal of Phytopharmacy. 2003;10(1):33-39.Chander MP, Vinod Kumar K, Lall C, et al. GC/MS profiling, in vitro anti-leptospiral and haemolytic activities of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. used as a medicinal plant by Nicobarese of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Natural Product Research. 2016;30(10):1190-1192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1046068Abdelwahab SI, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, et al. The methanolic extract of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. and its major compound pinostrobin induces anti-ulcerogenic property in vivo: possible involvement of indirect antioxidant action. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011;137(2):963-970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.010Break MKB, Chiang M, Wiart C, et al. Cytotoxic activity of Boesenbergia rotunda extracts against nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (HK1). cardamonin, a Boesenbergia rotunda constituent, inhibits growth and migration of HK1 cells by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis and G2/M&ndash;phase arrest. Nutrition and Cancer. 2021;73(3):473-483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1751217Nguyen MTT, Nguyen HX, Dang PH, et al. Panduratins Q&ndash;Y, dimeric metabolites from Boesenbergia rotunda and their antiausterity activities against the PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line. Phytochemistry. 2021;183:112646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112646&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Baharudin MKA, Hamid SA, Susanti D. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from three aromatic plants of the Zingiberaceae family in Malaysia. Journal of Physical Science. 2015;26(1):71-81.Apinundecha C, Teethaisong Y, Suknasang S, et al. Synergistic Interaction between Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. Essential Oil and Cloxacillin on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Inhibition. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2023;2023:3453273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3453273Kongratanapasert T, Kongsomros S, Arya N, et al. Pharmacological activities of fingerroot extract and its phytoconstituents against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Golden Syrian hamsters. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 2023;15:13-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S382895Ruttanapattanakul J, Wikan N, Okonogi S, et al. Boesenbergia rotunda extract accelerates human keratinocyte proliferation through activating ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt kinases. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 2021;133:111002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111002Zhang L, Jiang Q, Wang X, et al. Boesenbergia rotunda displayed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic efficacy in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1):11398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38560-5Kanchanapiboon J, Kongsa U, Pattamadilok D, et al. Boesenbergia rotunda extract inhibits Candida albicans biofilm formation by pinostrobin and pinocembrin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020;261:113193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113193Tewtrakul S, Subhadhirasakul S, Karalai C, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds from Kaempferia parviflora and Boesenbergia pandurata. Food Chemistry. 2009;115(2):534-538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.057Jamornwan S, Chokpanuwat T, Uppakara K, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of panduratin A against LPS-induced microglial activation. Biomedicines. 2022;10(10):2587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102587Kanjanasirirat P, Suksatu A, Manopwisedjaroen S, et al. High-content screening of Thai medicinal plants reveals Boesenbergia rotunda extract and its component Panduratin A as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):19963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77003-3Bailly C. Toward the use of Boesenbergia rotunda extracts and the chalcone panduratin A to treat periodontitis. Journal of Oral Biosciences. 2022;64(2):183-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2022.03.002Kirana C, Jones GP, Record IR, et al. Anticancer properties of panduratin A isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata (Zingiberaceae). Journal of Natural Medicines. 2007;61:131-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-006-0100-0Yun JM, Kweon MH, Kwon HJ, et al. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by a chalcone panduratin A isolated from Kaempferia pandurata in androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27(7):1454-1464. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgi348Sudsai T, Prabpai S, Kongsaeree P, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds from Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2014;154(2):453-461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.034Sirirugsa P. A revision of the genus Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society. 1992;40(1):67-90.Suphrom N, Insumrong K, Sriboon P, et al. Chromatographic fingerprint and free radical scavenging activity of Boesenbergia xiphostachya (Gagnep.) Loes rhizome extract. International Journal of Science. 2018;15(1):1-8.Suphrom N, Insumrong K, Ingkaninan K, et al. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and biological activities of hexane extract from Boesenbergia xiphostachya (Gagnep.) Loes. rhizome. Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2019;53(5):472-478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34044/j.anres.2019.53.5.05Nguyen ND, Trinh NN, Nguyen QH, et al. Chemical profiles and biological activities of acetone extracts of nine Annonaceae plants. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality. 2023;96:148-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5073/JABFQ.2023.096.019CLSI. Methods for antimicrobial dilution and disk susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria. 3rd ed. CLSI guideline M45. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute; 2016.Theanphong O, Mingvanish W, Jenjittikul T. Chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil from Boesenbergia longiflora (Wall.) Kuntze. Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2022;56(2):363-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34044/j.anres.2022.56.2.14Ongwisespaiboon O, Jiraungkoorskul W. Fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda and its aphrodisiac activity. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2017;11(21):27-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_50_16Ganesan T, Subban M, Christopher Leslee DB, et al. Structural characterization of n-hexadecanoic acid from the leaves of Ipomoea eriocarpa and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2022;14:14547-14558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03576-wAparna V, Dileep KV, Mandal PK, et al. Anti‐inflammatory property of n‐hexadecanoic acid: structural evidence and kinetic assessment. Chemical Biology and Drug Design. 2012;80(3):434-439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01418.xHaznedaroglu MZ, Karabay NU, Zeybek U. Antibacterial activity of Salvia tomentosa essential oil. Fitoterapia. 2001;72(7):829-831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(01)00335-5de Freitas BC, Queiroz PA, Baldin VP, et al. (-)-Camphene-based derivatives as potential antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. Future Microbiology. 2020;15(16):1527-1534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0131Khan Z, Saeed MA. Antibacterial potentials of some constituents of Lavandula stoechas L. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2002;34(4):359-366.Dahham SS, Tabana YM, Iqbal MA, et al. The anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the sesquiterpene &beta;-caryophyllene from the essential oil of Aquilaria crassna. Molecules. 2015;20(7):11808-11829. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200711808Hendry ER, Worthington T, Conway BR, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of eucalyptus oil and 1, 8-cineole alone and in combination with chlorhexidine digluconate against microorganisms grown in planktonic and biofilm cultures. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2009;64(6):1219-1225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkp362Mahizan NA, Yang SK, Moo CL, et al. Terpene derivatives as a potential agent against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens. Molecules. 2019;24(14):2631. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142631Park ES, Moon WS, Song MJ, et al. Antimicrobial activity of phenol and benzoic acid derivatives. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. 2001;47(4):209-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00058-0Ravikumar S, Raja M, Gnanadesigan M. Antibacterial potential of benzoate and phenylethanoid derivatives isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L. leaf extracts. Natural Product Research. 2012;26(23):2270-2273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2011.652962Sova M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cinnamic acid derivatives. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2012;12(8):749-767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/138955712801264792Tonari K, Mitsui K, Yonemoto K. Structure and antibacterial activity of cinnamic acid related compounds. Journal of Oleo Science. 2002;51(4):271-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.51.271