2658-6533Research Results in Biomedicine2658-653310.18413/2658-6533-2026-12-1-1-04043Medicine (miscellaneous)<strong>Validation of the Russian version of the Recovery Assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) to assess recovery after the first psychotic episode</strong><strong>Validation of the Russian version of the Recovery Assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) to assess recovery after the first psychotic episode</strong>ChinarevVitaly A.ChinarevVitaly A.va.chinarev@bk.ruMalininaElena V.MalininaElena V.malinina.e@rambler.ruObukhovaMaria D.ObukhovaMaria D.maria.obuhova2014@yandex.ru202612100

Background: This scientific article is significant due to the lack of Russian-language psychometric scales that can objectively assess the parameters of personal recovery within the broader concept of &#39;recovery&#39;. In the context of growing interest in the rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders and the need to create effective resource systems to help people who have experienced the first psychotic episode, the validation of the Russian version of the Recovery Assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) opens up new horizons for clinical practice and scientific research. The aim of the study: To adapt and validate the Russian version of the recovery assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and stages Recovery Assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and Stages by Nicola Hancock (RAS-DS). Materials and methods: The study involved 129 patients with a first psychotic episode, aged 16&ndash;50 years (mean age 31 years, SD 7.9 years), who underwent a comprehensive rehabilitation programme lasting up to two years from the start of hospitalisation. The majority of participants were men (79.1%, n = 102), and the length of hospitalisation ranged from 24 to 88 days (mean = 42 days, SD = 13.8). PANS, PSP, SFS, BS, GIF, RUS-DS were used as methods for determining the degree of recovery of patients. The &alpha;-Kronbach coefficient was used to determine the internal reliability of the structure of the psychometric scale. To assess the structure of the questionnaire, factor analysis using the principal component method was applied. The Student&#39;s t-test was used to compare quantitative indicators of different groups of psychometric data with a normal distribution of variables. Correlation analysis was used to describe the relationship between the scales. Results: The &alpha;-Kronbach coefficients for all scales and the overall RAS-DS index exceeded the value of 0.90, defined as excellent for the internal reliability of the diagnostic tool. This model demonstrated excellent data consistency, taking into account the use in calculations of the RMS approximation error RMSEA (RMSEA=0.0474, p&lt;0.001); comparative compliance index CFI (CFI=0.969); Tucker&ndash;Lewis index TLI (TLI=0.945). During the analysis of convergent validity, a high direct correlation was revealed with the psychometric scales GAF (r=0.93, p&lt;0.001), SFS (r=0.91, p&lt;0.001), PSP (r=0.84, p&lt;0.001) and inverse correlation with the PANSS questionnaires (r=-0.71, p&lt;0.001) and BHS (r=-0.83, p&lt;0.001), which confirms the validity and reliability of the investigated method for assessing complex recovery. Conclusion: The Russian-language version of the RAS-DS scale was successfully adapted on a sample of patients after the first psychotic episode who underwent a comprehensive rehabilitation program and can be recommended as a tool and screening for the recovery of patients after PPE in Russian-speaking respondents

Background: This scientific article is significant due to the lack of Russian-language psychometric scales that can objectively assess the parameters of personal recovery within the broader concept of &#39;recovery&#39;. In the context of growing interest in the rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders and the need to create effective resource systems to help people who have experienced the first psychotic episode, the validation of the Russian version of the Recovery Assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) opens up new horizons for clinical practice and scientific research. The aim of the study: To adapt and validate the Russian version of the recovery assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and stages Recovery Assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and Stages by Nicola Hancock (RAS-DS). Materials and methods: The study involved 129 patients with a first psychotic episode, aged 16&ndash;50 years (mean age 31 years, SD 7.9 years), who underwent a comprehensive rehabilitation programme lasting up to two years from the start of hospitalisation. The majority of participants were men (79.1%, n = 102), and the length of hospitalisation ranged from 24 to 88 days (mean = 42 days, SD = 13.8). PANS, PSP, SFS, BS, GIF, RUS-DS were used as methods for determining the degree of recovery of patients. The &alpha;-Kronbach coefficient was used to determine the internal reliability of the structure of the psychometric scale. To assess the structure of the questionnaire, factor analysis using the principal component method was applied. The Student&#39;s t-test was used to compare quantitative indicators of different groups of psychometric data with a normal distribution of variables. Correlation analysis was used to describe the relationship between the scales. Results: The &alpha;-Kronbach coefficients for all scales and the overall RAS-DS index exceeded the value of 0.90, defined as excellent for the internal reliability of the diagnostic tool. This model demonstrated excellent data consistency, taking into account the use in calculations of the RMS approximation error RMSEA (RMSEA=0.0474, p&lt;0.001); comparative compliance index CFI (CFI=0.969); Tucker&ndash;Lewis index TLI (TLI=0.945). During the analysis of convergent validity, a high direct correlation was revealed with the psychometric scales GAF (r=0.93, p&lt;0.001), SFS (r=0.91, p&lt;0.001), PSP (r=0.84, p&lt;0.001) and inverse correlation with the PANSS questionnaires (r=-0.71, p&lt;0.001) and BHS (r=-0.83, p&lt;0.001), which confirms the validity and reliability of the investigated method for assessing complex recovery. Conclusion: The Russian-language version of the RAS-DS scale was successfully adapted on a sample of patients after the first psychotic episode who underwent a comprehensive rehabilitation program and can be recommended as a tool and screening for the recovery of patients after PPE in Russian-speaking respondents

the first psychotic episoderehabilitation of patientsrecoveryPANSSPSPSFSBHSGAFRAS-DSthe first psychotic episoderehabilitation of patientsrecoveryPANSSPSPSFSBHSGAFRAS-DSСписок литературыSchmuckler AB. Clinical and psychopathological approach in the system of rehabilitation of mentally ill people. Social and Clinical Psychiatry. 2020;30(1):8-12. Russian.Chan JKN, Correll CU, Wong CSM, et al. Life expectancy and years of potential life lost in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine. 2023;65:102294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102294Subandi MA, Nihayah M, Marchira CR, et al. The principles of recovery-oriented mental health services: A review of the guidelines from five different countries for developing a protocol to be implemented in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(3):e0276802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276802Ma M, Shi Z, Chen Y, et al. Recovery journey of people with a lived experience of schizophrenia: a qualitative study of experiences. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04862-1Kornilov SA, Kornilova TV. Meta-analytical research in psychology. Psychological Journal. 2010;5(34):5-17. Russian.Khemthong S, Scanlan J, Hancock N. Measurement properties of the Thai translation of the Recovery Assessment Scale &ndash; Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) and comparison of recovery experiences between Thai and Australian consumers living with serious mental illness. Transcultural Psychiatry. 2024;61(6):823-832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615241250220Saputra A, Kusumawardhani A, Elvira SD, et al. An item development, content validity, and feasibility study towards the Indonesian recovery scale for patients with schizophrenia. Heliyon. 2022;8(11):11826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11826Chinarev VA, Malinina EV. The first psychotic episode: clinical and diagnostic aspects and therapeutic approaches. Doctor.Ru. 2024;23(7):102-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-7-102-112. Russian.Chinarev VA, Malinina EV. Multidimensional predictive analysis of rehabilitation potential in patients with a first psychotic episode: the role of therapeutic strategy, clinical and functional indicators and type of attitude towards the disease. Modern Therapy of Psychiatric Disorders. 2025;(4):9-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48612/psyph/3ta5-3m92-496d. Russian.Peters LA, Gomersall T, Booth A, et al. Community arts, identity and recovery: A realist review of how community‐based arts activities enables the identity change recovery process from serious mental illness. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. 2024;34(1):e2751. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1002/casp.2751Di Luzio M, Pontillo M, Villa M, et al. Clinical features and comorbidity in very early-onset schizophrenia: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2023;14:1270799. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1270799Novik AA. Guidelines for the study of quality of life in medicine. Moscow: OLMA Media Group; 2007. Russian.Kay SR, Opler LA, Lindenmayer JP. Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenics. Psychiatry research. 1988;23(1):99-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(88)90038-8Fountoulakis KN, Dragioti E, Theofilidis AT, et al. Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS: an international multi-center study. CNS Spectrums. 2021;26(3):290-298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852920001091Hieronymus F, Correll C, Ostergaard S. Initial severity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)-30, its main subscales plus the PANSS-6, and the relationship to subsequent improvement and trial dropout: a pooled participant-level analysis of 18 placebo-controlled risperidone and paliperidone trials. Translational Psychiatry. 2023;13(1):191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02491-6Correll CU, Brieden A, Janetzky W. Symptomatic, functional and quality of life measures of remission in 194 outpatients with schizophrenia followed naturalistically in a 6-month, non-interventional study of aripiprazole once-monthly. Schizophrenia. 2023;9(1):80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-023-00405-5Ivanets NN, Kinkul&#39;kina MA, Avdeeva TI, et al. The possibility of using standardized self-report anxiety and depression scales in elderly patients: anxiety scales/questionnaires. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2016;116(6):31‑41. Russian. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20161166131-41Defar S, Abraham Y, Reta Y, et al. Health related quality of life among people with mental illness: The role of socio-clinical characteristics and level of functional disability. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023;11:1134032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1134032Citrome L, Mychaskiw MA, Cortez A, et al. Clinical Outcome Assessment Instruments in Schizophrenia: A Scoping Literature Review with a Focus on the Potential of Patient-reported Outcomes. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 2023;20(4-6):14-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-197Novitsky MA, Schneider NA, Bugai VA, et al. The use of parametric and questionnaire methods for the study of depressive and anxiety disorders in schizophrenia. Doctor.Ru. 2021;5(20):55-61. Russian. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-5-55-61Litman R, Naber D, Anta L, et al. Personal and Social Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with the Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Risperidone ISM. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2023;19:219-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S392351Iuso S, Severo M, Trotta N, et al. Improvements in treatment adherence after family psychoeducation in patients affected by psychosis: preliminary findings. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023;13(10):1437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13101437Shmilovich AA, Goncharenko SN. Correlations between the level of social functioning and the severity of psychopathology in patients with paranoid schizophrenia in remission. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2016;116(3):10‑14. Russian. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20161163110-14Aunjitsakul W, Anantapong K, Jiraphan A, et al. Validation of the Thai version of the modified social functioning scale (SFS) for individuals with schizophrenia. BMC psychiatry. 2025;25(1):589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07049-yGurovich IYA, Papsuev O. Differentiation of approaches to the study of disorders of social functioning in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenic spectrum disorders and tools for its assessment. Social and Clinical Psychiatry. 2015;25(2):9-18. Russian.Solmi M, Croatto G, Piva G, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia: systematic overview and quality appraisal of the meta-analytic evidence. Molecular Psychiatry. 2023;28(1):354-368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01727-zTang P, Kostyrka-Allchorne K, Butura AM, et al. Reciprocal developmental pathways between future-related thinking and symptoms of adolescent depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Clinical Psychology Review. 2024;112:102465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102465Drinkwater K, Denovan A, Dagnall N, et al. The General Hopelessness Scale: Development of a measure of hopelessness for non-clinical samples. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(6):e0287016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287016Gaj&scaron;ak T, Milovac Ž, Gere&scaron; N, et al. The effect of deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with an H1 coil on hopelessness in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2024;25(1):16-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2023.2251055Belobrykina OA, Solonitsyna MA. Diagnostic informativeness of the AT Beck Scale of Hopelessness technique: problems of practical application. PEM: Psychology. Educology. Medicine. 2019;1:34-61. Russian.Bj&oslash;rkly S, Laake P, Douglas K. The safe pilot study: A prospective naturalistic study with repeated measures design to test protective factors against violence in and after discharge from forensic facilities. Psychiatry Research. 2023;320:115017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115017de Winter L, Jelsma A, Vermeulen JM, et al. Long-term Changes in Personal Recovery and Quality of Life Among Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Different Durations of Illness: A Meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2025;51(1):37-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbae045Sampogna G, Di Vincenzo M, Giuliani L, et al. A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs on the Quality of Life of Patients with Schizophrenia. Brain Sciences. 2023;13(11):1577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111577Isaeva ER, Mukhitova SE. The choice of strategies and evaluation of effectiveness in the system of psychosocial rehabilitation: the current state of the problem. Diagnostics in medical (clinical) psychology: current state and prospects. Collective monograph. Moscow: Sam Poligrafist; 2016. Russian.Hancock N, Scanlan JN, Honey A, et al. Recovery Assessment Scale - Domains and Stages (RAS-DS): Its feasibility and outcome measurement capacity. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2015;49(7):624-633. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414564084Ramesh S, Scanlan JN, Honey A, et al. Feasibility of Recovery Assessment Scale&ndash;Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) for everyday mental health practice. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2024;15:1256092. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1256092Wadham B, Andrewartha L, Lawn S, et al. A Scoping Review of Interventions Targeting the Mental Health of Australian Veterans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024;21(6):796. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060796Hancock N, Scanlan J, Bundy A, et al. Recovery Assessment Scale &ndash; Domains &amp; Stages (RAS‐DS) Manual ‐ Version 3 [Internet]. Sydney: University of Sydney; 2019 [cited 2024 Oct 19]. Available from: https://ras-ds.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/RASDS-Manual-Version-3-2019-FINAL.pdfRakitzi S, Georgila P. Recovery in Chronic Mental Health Disorders, Especially in Bipolar Disorder, and in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder. In: Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder. Springer; 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59001-6_2Honey A, Hancock N, Scanlan JN. Staff perceptions of factors affecting the use of RAS-DS to support collaborative mental health practice. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04996-2Felix S, Valery KM, Caiada M, et al. Personal recovery self-report outcome measures in serious mental illness: A systematic review of measurement properties. Clinical Psychology Review. 2024;112:102459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102459Pestoff R, Danielsson H, McAllister M, et al. Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation, and preliminary validation of a patient‐reported outcome measure for genetic counseling outcomes in Sweden. Journal of Genetic Counseling. 2024;34(1):e1896. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgc4.1896Vladimirova IS, Kruglova LS, Sviridov OV, et al. Potentials of standardized self-assessment scales for anxiety&nbsp; and depression applied in patients with psoriasis:&nbsp; scales-questionnaires for depression. Kremlin medicine. Clinical Bulletin. 2024;2:23-29. Russian. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48612/cgma/be3v-8dha-2nxf&nbsp;Beyene M, Teferra S, Fenta T. Symptomatic remission and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia on risperidone or olanzapine at Amanuel mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Middle East Current Psychiatry. 2024;31(1):50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00440-7Kalkbrenner MT. Choosing between Cronbach&rsquo;s coefficient alpha, McDonald&rsquo;s coefficient omega, and coefficient H: Confidence intervals and the advantages and drawbacks of interpretive guidelines. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development. 2024;57(2):93-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2023.2283637Doval E, Viladrich C, Angulo-Brunet A. Coefficient alpha: the resistance of a classic. Psicothema. 2023;35(1):5. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2022.321