2658-6533Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований2658-653310.18413/2313-8955-2018-4-3-0-11502ГенетикаЭКСПРЕССИЯ ТОЛЛ-ПОДОБНЫХ РЕЦЕПТОРОВ В ЖЕНСКОМ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОМ ТРАКТЕ И ЕЕ ГОРМОНАЛЬНАЯ РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ (ОБЗОР)EXPRESSION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS IN THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND ITS HORMONE REGULATION (REVIEW)ЛебедеваОльга ПетровнаLebedevaOlga P.safonova2@yandex.ruКиркоРобертQirkoRobert20184300

Актуальность: Толл-подобные рецепторы (TLR) являются основными рецепторами системы врожденного иммунитета, первыми распознающими лиганды бактерий, вирусов, грибов и простейших и инициирующими иммунный ответ. Однако комплексных обзоров, включающих новые данные об экспрессии и функции TLR во всех отделах женских половых путей (в том числе в яичниках и маточных трубах) и влиянии на них половых гормонов, до настоящего времени не проводилось. Цель исследования: Провести анализ данных литературы, посвященной экспрессии TLR во влагалище, экто- и эндоцервиксе, матке, маточных трубах и яичниках и ее гормональной регуляции. Материалы и методы: Проведен анализ публикаций по теме исследования в базах данных Pubmed, Google Academy, Scopus, Elibrary, ResearchGate, EBSCO за последние 20 лет. Результаты: В обзоре представлены новые данные об экспрессии TLR во влагалище, экто- и эндоцервиксе, матке, маточных трубах и яичниках. Описана роль TLR не только в индукции иммунного ответа и обеспечении защиты от инфекций, но и в регуляции капацитации сперматозоидов и в оплодотворении. Дана оценка влияния половых гормонов (эстрадиола, прогестерона) на экспрессию и функцию TLR. Заключение: Все отделы женских  половых путей экспрессируют TLR. Экспрессия TLR находится под влиянием половых гормонов и является максимальной в секреторную фазу цикла. TLR принимают участие не только в защите репродуктивного тракта от инфекций, но и в процессах репродукции (капацитации, оплодотворении, защите гамет и эмбрионов).

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLR) are the main receptors of the innate immune system, recognizing ligands of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa and inducing immune response. However, complex reviews of new data about expression and function of TLR in all organs of the female reproductive tract (including fallopian tubes and ovaries) and its hormone regulation have not been carried out. The aim of the study:  To perform an up-to-date review of the literature concerning expression of TLR in the vagina, ecto- and endocervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries and its hormone regulation. Materials and methods: The analysis of publications over the past 20 years in databases Pubmed, Google Academy, Scopus, Elibrary, ResearchGate, EBSCO has been carried out. Results: The review presents new data on the expression of TLR in the vagina, ecto- and endocervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. The role of TLR is described not only in inducing an immune response and providing protection against infections, but also in regulating the capitation of spermatozoa and in fertilization. The effect of sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone) on expression and TLR function is estimated. Conclusion: TLR expression was found in all organs of the female reproductive tract. Expression of TLR is under the influence of sex hormones and is the maximum in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. TLR take part not only in defense of the reproductive tract against infections, but also in reproduction (capacitation of spermatozoa, fertilization, protection of gametes and embryos).

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