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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2658-6533</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6533</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18413/2658-6533-2022-8-4-0-5</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2893</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Фармакология, клиническая фармакология</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>&lt;strong&gt;Роль метаболизма кортизола в реализации патогенетических звеньев развития остеопороза &amp;ndash; обоснование поиска новых фармакотерапевтических мишеней (обзор)&lt;/strong&gt;</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>&lt;strong&gt;The role of cortisol metabolism in the realization of pathogenetic links in the development of osteoporosis &amp;ndash; the rationale for the search for new pharmacotherapeutic targets (review)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корокин</surname><given-names>Михаил Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korokin</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mkorokin@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдатов</surname><given-names>Владислав Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatov</surname><given-names>Vladislav O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>zinkfingers@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудырев</surname><given-names>Олег Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudyrev</surname><given-names>Oleg S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>gudyrev@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коклин</surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koklin</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ikoklin@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таран</surname><given-names>Эдуард Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taran</surname><given-names>Eduard I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mdtaraneduard@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишенин</surname><given-names>Михаил Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishenin</surname><given-names>Mikhail O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mishenin_m@bsu.edu.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корокина</surname><given-names>Лилия Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korokina</surname><given-names>Liliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>korokina@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочкаров</surname><given-names>Алим Алиевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochkarov</surname><given-names>Alim A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>kochkarova@bsu.edu.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровский</surname><given-names>Михаил Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovskii</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pokrovskii@bsuedu.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вараксин</surname><given-names>Михаил Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varaksin</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>m.v.varaksin@urfu.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чупахин</surname><given-names>Олег Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chupakhin</surname><given-names>Oleg N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>chupakhin@ios.uran.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>0</fpage><lpage>0</lpage><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="/media/medicine/2022/4/Биомедисследования_4.2022-51-67.pdf" /><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность: Остеопороз является важной медицинской и социальной проблемой общественного здравоохранения в стареющем или пожилом обществе. Остеопороз вызывается дисбалансом в костном ремоделировании, которое представляет собой непрерывный процесс разрушения зрелой костной ткани остеокластами (резорбция кости) и формирования новой костной ткани остеобластами (образование кости). Система костного гомеостаза, регулирующая функциональную активность остеокластов и остеобластов представлена широким спектром молекул. Достигнутое сегодня понимание молекулярных механизмов костного гомеостаза позволяет существенно изменить и расширить парадигмы лечения и профилактики остеопороза. Цель исследования: Рассмотреть основные патогенетические пути, через которые реализуется влияние системы метаболизма кортизола на развитие остеопороза и обозначить пути поиска новых терапевтических подходов к лечению и профилактике обозначенной патологии. Материалы и методы: Для достижения поставленной цели был проведен анализ литературных источников по проблеме влияния метаболизма кортизола на развитие остеопороза, опубликованных за последние 10 лет. Результаты: На сегодняшний день в литературе имеются весомые предпосылки прямой связи нарушений метаболизма стероидных гормонов с развитием остеопороза и нарушением остеорепаративных процессов. В настоящем литературном обзоре представлены основные патогенетические пути, обуславливающие процессы, ведущие к снижению плотности костной ткани при нарушениях метаболизма кортизола. Фермент 11b-гидроксистероиддегидрогеназа (11b-HSD), представленный двумя изоформами осуществляет взаимное превращение кортизона и кортизола в тканях. С использованием методов обратной генетики были установлены системные последствия нокаута обеих изоформ. Убедительные доказательства демонстрируют, что оба фермента вовлечены в патогенез остеопороза. Поскольку животные с дефицитом 11b-HSD 2 типа характеризуются провоспалительной активацией эндотелия мы предполагаем, что отдельный интерес представляет дальнейшее изучение взаимодействия между эндотелием и костной тканью. Заключение: Эффекты глюкокортикоидов на экспрессию eNOS, по-видимому, существенно модулируется изоферментами 11&amp;beta;-HSD. Установленная связь между 11&amp;beta;-HSD и NO может рассматриваться перспективная фармакотерапевтическая мишень. В этой связи, фармакотерапевтический подход, направленный на восстановление баланса оксида азота в костной и эндотелиальной тканях, рассматривающийся в настоящее время как один из наиболее актуальных способов коррекции остеопороза может быть актуальным и при нарушении обмена кортизола вследствие недостаточности 11&amp;beta;-HSD 2.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background:&amp;nbsp;Osteoporosis is an important medical and social public health problem in an aging or elderly society. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance in bone remodeling, which is a continuous process of destruction of mature bone tissue by osteoclasts (bone resorption) and the formation of new bone tissue by osteoblasts (bone formation). The system of bone homeostasis that regulates the functional activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is represented by a wide range of molecules. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of bone homeostasis achieved today makes it possible to significantly change and expand the paradigms of treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. The aim of the study:&amp;nbsp;To consider the main pathogenetic pathways through which the effect of the cortisol metabolism system on the development of osteoporosis is realized and to identify ways to find new therapeutic approaches to the treatment and prevention of this pathology. Materials and methods:&amp;nbsp;To achieve this goal, we analyzed the literature on the influence of cortisol metabolism on the development of osteoporosis published in the last 10 years. Results:&amp;nbsp;To date, there are significant prerequisites in the literature for a direct connection of disorders of steroid hormone metabolism with the development of osteoporosis and a violation of osteoreparative processes. This literature review presents the main pathogenetic pathways that cause the processes leading to a decrease in bone density in disorders of cortisol metabolism. The enzyme 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11b-HSD), represented by two isoforms, performs the mutual conversion of cortisone and cortisol in tissues. Using the methods of reverse genetics, we have established the systemic consequences of knockout of both isoforms. Convincing evidence demonstrates that both enzymes are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Since animals with type 11b-HSD deficiency are characterized by proinflammatory activation of the endothelium, we assume that further study of the interaction between the endothelium and bone tissue is of particular interest. Conclusion:&amp;nbsp;The effects of glucocorticoids on eNOS expression seem to be significantly modulated by 11&amp;szlig;-HSD isoenzymes. The established relationship between 11&amp;szlig;-HSD and NO can be considered a promising pharmacotherapeutic target. In this regard, a pharmacotherapeutic approach aimed at restoring the balance of nitric oxide in bone and endothelial tissues, currently considered as one of the most relevant ways to correct osteoporosis, may also be relevant in case of cortisol metabolism disorders due to 11&amp;szlig;-HSD2 deficiency.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>костное ремоделирование</kwd><kwd>стероидные гормоны</kwd><kwd>кортизол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>bone remodeling</kwd><kwd>steroid hormones</kwd><kwd>cortisol</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>Список литературы</title><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation>Ukon Y, Makino T, Kodama J, et al. 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