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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2658-6533</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6533</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18413/2658-6533-2025-11-2-0-9</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3774</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>&lt;strong&gt;Этиология и патогенез атеросклероза: современные представления и возрастзависимые аспекты (обзор)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>&lt;strong&gt;The etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: modern insights and age-dependent aspects (review)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгинцев</surname><given-names>Максим Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgintsev</surname><given-names>Maxim E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>makdol@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полоников</surname><given-names>Алексей Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polonikov</surname><given-names>Alexei V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>polonikov@rambler.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобынцев</surname><given-names>Игорь Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobyntsev</surname><given-names>Igor I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>bobig@mail.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>0</fpage><lpage>0</lpage><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="/media/medicine/2025/2/Биомедисследования_11_2-136-181.pdf" /><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность: Атеросклероз является ведущей причиной заболеваемости и смертности населения во всём мире. Он представлет собой системный патологический процесс, выражающийся в отложении атерогенных липопротеинов в интиме сосудов, с дальнейшим развитием воспаления, клеточной пролиферации и образованием атеросклеротических бляшек, приводящий к обтурации просвета сосуда. Несмотря на накопленный к текущему моменту довольно значительный материал по этиологии и патогенезу атеросклероза современные взляды на механизмы и эволюцию этого патологического процесса, его возрастзависимые аспекты требуют обобщения и систематизации. Данное обстоятельство послужило основанимем для анализа данных мировой литературы, посвященной вопросам этиологии и патогенеза атеросклероза и особенностей его фомирования в возрастзависимом контексте. Цель исследования: Рассмотреть с современных позиций вклад основных этиологических факторов в развитие атеросклероза и обобщить их значимость для формирования данной патологии на системном, органном, тканевом, клеточном и молекулярном уровнях в возрастзависимом контексте. Материалы и методы: Проведён анализ литературных источников и баз данных Web Of Science, ScienceDirect, Medline, Российского РИНЦ, Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Taylor &amp;amp; Francis, Wiley Online Library и Bielefeld Academic Search Engine по проблеме этиопатогенеза атеросклероза, опубликованных за последние 10 лет. Результаты: В данном обзоре суммированы современные данные о факторах риска и механизмах развития атеросклероза (возраст, пол, курение, микробиота, воспаление, эндотелиальная дисфункция, роль в этом процессе регуляторных РНК). С современных позиций рассмотрена эволюция атеросклеротической бляшки и возрастзависимые аспекты болезни. Дана детальная характеристика роли некодирующих РНК в развитии и эволюции атеросклеротических бляшек. Заключение: Атеросклероз представляет собой сложный патологический процесс, в формировании которого играет роль большое число факторов, как генетических, так и средовых, взамодействие которых определяет характер и темпы прогрессирования заболевания</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a systemic pathological process attributed to the deposition of atherogenic lipoproteins in the intima of blood vessels, following the development of inflammation, cell proliferation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, leading to arterial obstruction. Despite a huge data accumulated to date on the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, recent advances in the understanding the mechanisms and evolution of this process, its age-dependent aspects require analysis and systematization. This circumstance served as the basis for the analysis of world literature data on the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the characteristics of its formation in an age-dependent context. The aim of the study: To consider from a modern perspective the contribution of the main etiological factors to the development of atherosclerosis and to summarize their significance for the formation of this pathology at the systemic, organ, tissue, cellular and molecular levels in an age-dependent context. Materials and methods: Analysis of literature sources and databases Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Medline, Russian RSCI, Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Taylor &amp;amp; Francis, Wiley Online Library and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine on the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis, published over the past 10 years. Results: This review summarizes current state-of-the art data on risk factors and mechanisms of atherosclerosis (age, gender, smoking, microbiota, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, the role of regulatory RNAs). The evolution of atherosclerotic plaque and age-dependent aspects of the disease are considered from a modern perspective. A detailed description of the role of non-coding RNAs in the development and evolution of atherosclerotic plaques is discussed. Conclusion: Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological process, in the formation of which a large number of factors, genetic and environmental, whose interactions determine the nature and rate of disease progression</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>регуляторные РНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>regulatory RNAs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>Список литературы</title><ref id="B1"><mixed-citation>Глущенко ВА, Ирклиенко ЕК. Сердечно-сосудистая заболеваемость &amp;ndash; одна из важнейших проблем здравоохранения. Медицина и организация здравоохранения. 2019;4(1):56-63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><mixed-citation>Сергиенко ИВ, Аншелес АА, Кухарчук ВВ. 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