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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2658-6533</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6533</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18413/2658-6533-2026-12-1-0-1</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">4034</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Генетика</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>&lt;strong&gt;Современные достижения генной терапии пигментного ретинита с применением аденоассоциированного вируса (обзор)&lt;/strong&gt;</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>&lt;strong&gt;Current advances in gene therapy for retinitis pigmentosa using adeno-associated virus (review)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакимов</surname><given-names>Альберт Рузилевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakimov</surname><given-names>Albert R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shershakov2015a@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусина</surname><given-names>Ляля Ахияровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Musina</surname><given-names>Lyalya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>morphoplant@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Анна Ивановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>Anna I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>jeol02@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабибуллина</surname><given-names>Сафия Рустемовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabibullina</surname><given-names>Safia R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>habibullinasafia@yandex.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>0</fpage><lpage>0</lpage><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="/media/medicine/2026/1/Биомед_исследования-6-24.pdf" /><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность: Пигментный ретинит представляет собой группу наследственных заболеваний сетчатки, характеризующихся прогрессирующей дегенерацией фоторецепторов и пигментного эпителия. Это приводит к необратимой потере зрения, что существенно снижает качество жизни пациентов. Современные методы лечения, включая витаминную терапию, антиоксиданты и имплантацию электронных устройств, не способны остановить прогрессирование заболевания, а лишь частично компенсируют его последствия. В связи с этим разработка эффективных методов лечения, направленных на устранение первопричины заболевания, остается актуальной задачей современной офтальмологии. Генетическая терапия с использованием вирусных векторов открывает новые перспективы в лечении наследственных дегенеративных заболеваний сетчатки. Цель исследования: Обзор современных подходов к лечению пигментного ретинита с использованием генетической терапии, анализ эффективности и безопасности доставки терапевтических генов в клетки сетчатки, а также оценка перспектив дальнейших исследований в данной области. Материалы и методы: Проведен анализ данных научных исследований и клинических испытаний, посвященных использованию аденоассоциированных вирусов для доставки генетического материала в клетки сетчатки. Поиск источников осуществлялся в базах данных рецензируемой литературы по ключевым словам, связанным с генетической терапией пигментного ретинита. Результаты: Эффективность генной терапии при пигментном ретините зависит от серотипа AAV-вектора, типа клетки-мишени и способа введения. Наиболее стабильную экспрессию генов RHO, RPGR, RP2, PDE6&amp;alpha; и PDE6&amp;beta; обеспечивают серотипы AAV2/5 и AAV8 при субретинальном введении. Для подавления мутантного RHO и его замещения эффективны двойные векторы с кшРНК и резистентной к ней кДНК, а для RPGR доказана необходимость кодон-оптимизации изоформы RPGRORF15. В случае RP2 использование самокомплементарного AAV обеспечивало экспрессию в 90% фоторецепторов и восстанавливало структуру наружного ядерного слоя, однако высокая доза вызывала токсический эффект. При терапии PDE6&amp;alpha; и PDE6&amp;beta; показана эффективность не только векторной доставки, но и систем редактирования CRISPR и прайм-редактирования. Заключение: Генетическая терапия с использованием аденоассоциированных вирусов является перспективным направлением в лечении наследственных заболеваний сетчатки. Однако остаются нерешенные вопросы, связанные с длительностью эффекта, возможностью иммунного ответа и ограниченной вместимостью вирусных векторов. Дальнейшие исследования направлены на улучшение методов доставки, повышение эффективности экспрессии терапевтических генов и разработку новых подходов, позволяющих лечить широкий спектр наследственных ретинопатий</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium. This leads to irreversible vision loss, significantly reducing patients&amp;#39; quality of life. Current treatment methods, including vitamin therapy, antioxidants, and electronic implant devices, do not halt disease progression but only partially compensate for its consequences. Therefore, developing effective therapies targeting the underlying causes of the disease remains a pressing challenge in modern ophthalmology. Gene therapy using viral vectors presents new opportunities for treating hereditary degenerative retinal diseases. The aim of the study: To review current approaches to treating retinitis pigmentosa through gene therapy, analyze the efficiency and safety of therapeutic gene delivery to retinal cells, and assess future research prospects in this field. Materials and methods: A review of scientific studies and clinical trials was conducted, focusing on the use of adeno-associated viruses for delivering genetic material to retinal cells. Sources were selected from peer-reviewed literature databases using keywords related to gene therapy for retinitis pigmentosa. Results: The effectiveness of gene therapy for retinitis pigmentosa depends on the AAV vector serotype, the target cell type, and the method of administration. The most stable gene expression for RHO, RPGR, RP2, PDE6&amp;alpha;, and PDE6&amp;beta; is achieved using AAV2/5 and AAV8 serotypes with subretinal injection. For suppressing mutant RHO and its replacement, dual vectors containing shRNA and resistant cDNA are effective, while codon optimization of the RPGRORF15 isoform is necessary for RPGR. In the case of RP2, the use of self-complementary AAV achieved expression in 90% of photoreceptors and restored the structure of the outer nuclear layer; however, high doses led to toxic effects. For PDE6&amp;alpha; and PDE6&amp;beta; therapy, not only viral vector delivery but also CRISPR and prime editing systems have shown effectiveness. Conclusion: Gene therapy using adeno-associated viruses is a promising approach for treating hereditary retinal diseases. However, challenges remain regarding the duration of therapeutic effects, potential immune responses, and the limited carrying capacity of viral vectors. Future research aims to enhance delivery methods, improve therapeutic gene expression efficiency, and develop new strategies for treating a wide range of inherited retinopathies</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сетчатка</kwd><kwd>пигментный ретинит</kwd><kwd>дегенерация</kwd><kwd>генная терапия</kwd><kwd>аденоассоциированный вирус</kwd><kwd>вирусный вектор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retina</kwd><kwd>retinitis pigmentosa</kwd><kwd>degeneration</kwd><kwd>gene therapy</kwd><kwd>adeno-associated virus</kwd><kwd>viral vector</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ack><p>Хакимов АР, Мусина ЛА, Лебедева АИ, и др. Современные достижения генной терапии пигментного ретинита с применением аденоассоциированного вируса (обзор). Научные результаты биомедицинских исследований. 2026;12(1):5-23. [Khakimov AR, Musina LA, Lebedeva AI, et al. Current advances in gene therapy for&amp;nbsp;retinitis pigmentosa using adeno-associated virus (review). 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