Background: Colon malignancies are one of the most common worldwide. Different pro-carcinogenic agents such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heterocyclic aromatic amines can potentially play a key role in the malignant transformation of cells by interacting with DNA. The enzyme of the 1^st phase of xenobiotic biotransformation CYP1B1 is involved in the metabolic activation of various carcinogens. The aim of the study: The aim of our study was to investigate the association between common SNP rs1056836 CYP1B1 and the risk of CRC in the population of Central Russia. Materials and methods: A total of 256 patients with colorectal cancer (134 males, 122 females) and 608 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (279 males, 329 females) were recruited for the study. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism L432V (rs1056836) CYP1B1 were done using Taq-Man-based assays. Results: Single nucleotide polymorphism rs1056836 (substitution L432V) CYP1B1 was associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer in the population of Central Russia after adjustment for gender, age: OR_adj=1.34; 95%CI_adj=1.08–1.66; P_adj=0.01. Bioinformatic analysis showed the spectrum of transcription factors binding with low-risk C (L) allele are involved in regulation of differentiation of CD8+ alpha-beta T cells (FDR=7.57×10^-3) and activation of CD8+ of alpha-beta T cells (P=3.47×10^-5, FDR=2.63×10^-2). Transcription factors binding with high-risk V allele are not involved in T cell dependent mechanisms of cancer immunoediting. Conclusion: Thus, SNP rs1056836 CYP1B1 is associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer in the population from Central Russia.