Pregnancy Nutrition and Zinc Deficiency: Review
Background: Zinc deficiency during pregnancy is common in many countries, and low concentrations of circulating zinc in maternal blood are associated with pregnancy complications. Pregnant nutrition is a basic factor determining the patient’s zinc status. The aim of the study: An analysis of the results of scientific studies on the features of zinc metabolism during pregnancy, as well as the pathology of the gestational process in zinc-deficient conditions, is carried out. Materials and methods: Some literature data on the following keywords were studied: zinc deficiency, nutrition, pregnancy, pregnancy complications for the period from 2004 to 2020 in the databases PubMed, Elibrary. Results: According to experts of the World Health Organization, at present, suboptimal zinc nutrition is characteristic of almost half of the world's population. Zinc plays a key role in embryogenesis, fetal development, and milk secretion. A state of zinc deficiency during pregnancy can occur in several ways, including the consumption of small amounts of zinc in the diet, the use of diets containing factors that inhibit the absorption of zinc, and a variety of genetic factors. The contribution of zinc deficiency to the occurrence and implementation of gestational complications such as preeclampsia, placental insufficiency and premature birth has been scientifically proven. Chronic fetal hypoxia, leading to fetal growth retardation, as well as some congenital malformations can also be associated with zinc deficiency. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency can affect the course of gestation at different levels, realizing its action through various biochemical mechanisms. According to a number of modern foreign studies at various levels, zinc deficiency is associated with such serious obstetric complications as hypertensive disorders, low birth weight, prematurity and congenital malformations of newborns, as well as reproductive losses at different stages of pregnancy. Despite a large number of studies at various levels that describe the potential relationships between maternal zinc status, its nutritional intake and pregnancy complications, there is no final and unambiguous point of view on this issue in the modern scientific community.
Prokhorova OV, Olina AA. Pregnancy Nutrition and Zinc Deficiency: Review. Research Results in Biomedicine. 2020;6(4):546-560. Russian. DOI: 10.18413/2658-6533-2020-6-4-0-10
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