Osteoprotective and regenerative effects of the plant polyphenol resveratrol in postmenopausal osteoporosis: an experimental pharmacological study
Background: Osteoporosis is one of the major metabolic, age-related skeletal diseases and a serious medical and socioeconomic problem worldwide. This is due to its steadily increasing prevalence and the incidence of disabling complications, such as low-energy fractures of long tubular bones and compression fractures of vertebral bodies. In its pharmacotherapy, the search for agents that integrally affect the mechanisms of bone remodeling, while positively perceived by patients during long-term therapy and with minimal side effects has become relevant. These potentially include pharmacologically active substances of natural plant origin. The aim of the study:To study the structural and functional bone changes in experimental estrogen-deprivation osteoporosis and its therapy with resveratrol. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 15 Wistar rats at the age of skeletal maturity (6 months) divided into 3 groups: 1) falsely operated; 2) with a model of osteoporosis by bilateral ovariectomy; 3) ovariectomized with intraperitoneal resveratrol therapy 2 mg/kg daily. In 56 daysб the X-ray absorption densitometry of the proximal epiphysis of the femur and proximal half of the tibia was performed followed by histological examination with computed morphomertry of scanned specimens. Results: The osteoprotective and regenerative effects of resveratrol on bone structures in experimental osteoporosis were found. The therapy reduces osteoclastic resorption, stimulates the proliferation of osteoblastic precursors, differentiation of osteoblasts and bone formation, reduces osteocytes damage and disorders of intraosseous microcirculation. These effects are determined both by histological changes and normalization of bone mineral density. Conclusion: Resveratrol at a dose of 2 mg/kg has osteoprotective and regeneration-activating effects in the proximal parts of the femur and tibia in experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis caused by estrogen deprivation. The mechanisms of the pharmacological effects are provided by the action on the cells, participating in the bone remodeling with inhibition of osteoclastic resorption, stimulation of osteoblastogenesis, cytoprotective action on osteocytes and endothelioprotection with maintenance of angiocrine provision of bone metabolism. Resveratrol is a promising drug for the complex therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis together with other osteoprotectors of known pharmacological properties
Shevchenko OA, Dolzhikov AA, Pokrovskii MV, et al. Osteoprotective and regenerative effects of the plant polyphenol resveratrol in postmenopausal osteoporosis: an experimental pharmacological study. Research Results in Biomedicine. 2025;11(3):515-531. Russian.
DOI: 10.18413/2658-6533-2025-11-3-0-7
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