Effect of cytokine gene polymorphisms on the risk of preeclampsia
Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder based on placental and endothelial dysfunction, leading to hypertension and other damage to organs and systems during pregnancy and is the leading cause of maternal mortality. It is assumed that the risk of developing preeclampsia is formed in the first weeks of pregnancy, including trophoblast invasion, endometrial spiral artery remodeling, and immune maladaptation. Therefore, the identification of immunological and genetic markers predicting preeclampsia at the preclinical stage is of significant clinical interest. The aim of the study:To determine the significance of polymorphisms rs1143627 (T-31C) of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 (G-308A) of the TNFa gene and rs1800896 (A-1082G) of the IL-10 gene in predicting the risk of preeclampsia. Materials and methods: The study included 231 women who were 16-28 weeks pregnant. Group 1 (n=71) consisted of women in the second trimester of gestation at risk of developing preeclampsia; group 2 (n=50) – patients in the third trimester of gestation with preeclampsia; control group (n=50) – women with the physiological course of pregnancy. Hematological and hemostasis parameters, the concentration of cytokines IL-1b, TNFa and IL-10 in the blood were studied. Polymorphisms rs1143627 (T-31C) of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 (G-308A) of the TNFa gene, and rs1800896 (A-1082G) of the IL-10 gene were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The C allele of the IL-1β (T-31C) gene was more common in group 1 (ОR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.07-2.49; р=0.02) compared with the control (41.4%). Due to the low proportion of mutant allele A and the absence of genotype A/A of the TNFa gene (G-308A) in Uzbek people, the association of this marker with the risk of preeclampsia has not been confirmed. However, the high TNFa content in the blood of women with G/A genotypes of groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001) indicates the association of the A allele of this polymorphism with hypertensive disorders. The risk of developing preeclampsia is significantly increased in carriers of the low-functional genotype A/A of the IL-10 gene (A-1082 G) (ОR=16.5; 95% CI: 7.78-34.97; p=0.01). Conclusion: Allele C rs1143627 (T-31C) of the IL-1β gene, allele A and genotype A/A rs1800896 (A-1082G) of the IL-10 gene are associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and can be used as genetic predictors of the disease
Akhmedov FK, Rakhmatullaeva MM, Yakubova OA. Effect of cytokine gene polymorphisms on the risk of preeclampsia. Research Results in Biomedicine. 2025;11(4):709-726.
Russian. DOI: 10.18413/2658-6533-2025-11-4-0-9
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