DOI: 10.18413/2658-6533-2023-9-4-0-1

Prospects for the investigation of retroelements for COVID-19 therapy (review)

Rustam N. Mustafin
Elza K. Khusnutdinova

Background: The search for methods to detect COVID-19 using genetic advances can become the basis for an effective fight against this viral infection. Targeted therapy using non-coding RNAs meets the conditions of modern personalized medicine, since it will allow diagnosing the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and specifically affecting them. The aim of the study: To determine the most significant epigenetic links in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the impact on which is promising for the development of targeted therapy. Materials and methods: We used the Scopus, WoS, PubMed databases to analyze the role of miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and retroelements in the development of COVID-19. Results: According to the analyzed literature, long noncoding RNAs and pri-miRNAs can be translated into functional peptides that regulate the expression of their own and other genes. Epigenetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This is reflected in changes in the expression of certain non-coding RNAs in patients depending on the severity and nature of the course of the disease. This may be due to the involvement of retroelements in the antiviral response and its ineffectiveness in aging. The result is more severe forms of COVID-19 in elderly and senile people with the development of a cytokine storm, despite the presence of physiological immunodeficiency. Conclusion: Since the features of the expression of specific non-coding RNAs in elderly patients with COVID-19 reflect the regulatory imbalance of transposons, the development of peptides that affect the expression of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and retroelements is promising. This approach could become the basis not only for the effective treatment of age-related patients, but also for prolonging their life due to the effect on the epigenetic mechanisms of aging. To do this, it is necessary to determine the action spectrum of peptides synthesized for the treatment of COVID-19.

Keywords: viruses, long non-coding RNAs, miRNAs, peptides, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2.

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Mustafin RN, Khusnutdinova EK. Prospects for the investigation of retroelements therapy for COVID-19 (review). Research Results in Biomedicine. 2023;9(4):422-445. Russian. DOI:10.18413/2658-6533-2023-9-4-0-1

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