Background: In recent years, an increase in the number of long-living adults has been a dominant demographic trend in Russia. This population group is highly susceptible to cognitive dysfunctions. Cognitive impairment disrupts the lives of those affected and puts an immense burden on their caregivers. Currently, there are no clinically applicable therapies or prevention strategies for cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is critically important to determine which lifestyle factors contribute to cognitive decline and to develop well-informed preventive strategies. The aim of the study:The study sought to identify the association between cognitive status and lifestyle. Materials and methods: The participants (n=2762) were recruited from 2019 to 2021 from the central regions of Russia. Detailed medical/case histories were obtained, including marital status, education, and social and economic background. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive status. The Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-squared test were used to test the associations between the sex and the factors under study. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between the factors and cognitive impairment. Results: Age, sex, lower levels of education, and lower income were risk factors of cognitive impairment. Engaging in physical activity, hobbies, and having a pet were protective against cognitive impairment. In women, cognitive dysfunctions were correlated with the duration of menopause. The predictive model for cognitive dysfunctions based on sex, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors generated (ROC AUC=0.687). Conclusion: The findings confirmed that cognitive dysfunctions in long-living adults were associated with the socioeconomic factors, marital status, and lifestyle. The proposed model makes it possible to assess in advance the risk of developing cognitive impairments in old age and take measures to correct lifestyle to preserve brain functions